Does genetics prove the origin of IE-languages?

Continuing my previous testing method I tried to find out if it is possible to make any conclusion about where the IE-language family is from.   Did it come from east to Central Europe, from Middle East to South Europe or via another southern route?  To analyze it I made two tests, dividing at first the data between two major Bronze Age Central European cultures using Corded Ware and Bell Beaker samples.

 
It looks like there is nothing common between Central and South Europeans explaining the supposed linguistic root by Central European cultures.   Non-IE speakers, Basques and Finns, are placed between those two major IE-groups.  Because plotting the difference between Corded Ware and Bell Beaker samples looked however logical in a sense of place in geography I brought those groups together and used Anatolian Neolithic samples on the second axis, trying to reveal how the early farmer ancestry changes the picture.

The result broughtnot Central and South Europeans closer each other, but still the question remains:  if IE-languages wer brought to Central Europe via East Europe how we explain the lack of distinct Corded Ware and Bell Beaker drift ainfluence in the south? It looks more like we have in Central Europe a strong southern gene impact instead of any strong northern influence in the south.

Edit 20.1.16 10:15

Maybe it is not yet clear who are those Local and MostCW Finns.  At first they are on European, Eurasian and world level PCA plots almost in a same position,  there is no distinct trend separating them towards any other Europen or Asian populations.  Both groups act very similarly on PCA-plots constructed of present-day populations, but they clearly differ in wide genome tests and tests implying genetic drift, such as Dstat.

Amerind and Asian like ancestries in Europe

Here is another test figuring a twofold admixture among Europeans.   The plot here figures Karitiana/Han similarity.  The method is equal than in my previous test and the result shows that Europeans have an increasing trend of either Amerind or Han similarity from the south to north, obviously in a reverse direction to the EEF ancestry.   The curve starts to bend from Estonians towards the East Asian reference, Hans.   It reaches parity between Karitiana and Han admixtures in Nenets.  The Finns are now almost in the same point, while the test fuguring ancient Anatolian and Bedouin admixtures among Finns showed clear-cut difference between two Finnish groups defined using Bronze Age Corded Ware samples.  My conclusion is that the origin of Finns is treefold including local Fennoscandinavian, Corded Ware-like and Circumppolar admixtures.  All three admixtures vary depending on the local history.

      

Neolithic Anatolian or Middle Eastern

I am still busy with my new test environment and to make it ready would take at least two weeks.  To keep my blog alive I made a small comparison between Anatolian Neolithic and BedouinB samples.   The history of  Middle Eastern migrations to Europe is still mostly unmapped and to resolve it would need a lot more scanned ancient data, for example from the Roman Iron Age.   But something can be done just now.  My comparison is based on two dstat-analyses

dstat(<Europop>,Mbuti:Anatolian Neolithic,Chimp)

and

dstat(<Europop>,Mbuti:BedouinB,Chimp).

Anatolian Neolithic is on the Y-axis and BedouinB is on the x-axis.   The plot tells that Armenians, Ashkenazim, Georgians, East Sicilians, Sicilians, Cypriots and South Italians deviate from the common European line towards Bedouins.  Spaniards, Basques and Sardinians deviate to the opposite direction.  What is remarkable is that Ashkenazim seem to own less Neolithic Anatolian and Bedouin admixtures than many South Europeans.*   Maybe they have more complex European admixture than South Europeans?

The Finns are split into two groups on the grounds of Corded Ware ancestry.   My older bifurcation was based on non-European admixtures and it was arbitrary in respect of the known history. 

* My fault, only Armenians and Georgians have more BedouinB than Ashkenazim,  Cypriots have it equally.

North and South European ancient roots estimated using Dstat

Before moving ahead with new ideas I decided to make one more qpDstat comparisons using recently released ancient sample set and Estonian Biocentre's data. 

Qualifying the data using larger 1000genome data shows certain statistic error in EBC data and I am not happy to see that the EBC data with less SNPs distorts at least Finnish samples. 

Now I split 100 Finnish samples (downloaded from the 1000genome project) into two groups using qpDstat instead of using PCA, which seems to lead to a bias towards homogeneous and/or recently formed  populations.   The first Finnish group includes most similar samples with Corded Ware samples found from Germany, exluding 5 individuals showing more Swedish admixture than me. Usually I get in Gedmatch tests 5% less recent western admixture than average Southwestern Finns. Many approved samples show however more Corded Ware than me.  Another Finnish group includes samples showing least Corded Ware similarity.  It is of course possible to make different intrapopulational selections, but using Corded Ware samples made sense in a larger scale.

All sample sets are compared to British Kent poople.   I selected them because I thought them being a good fixed point and well-known for American readers.  I think that Irish or Orcadian samples could have been better though, just because they live on the opposite European fringe to the Bronze Age migrations. 

Indigenous European Hunter-gatherer origin of Finns

I have been busy for a while with this blog, but after this writing I am going to start a new project and stay away from here for two weeks in preparing new data.

It has been some discussion about the origin of Finnish people.   Did they come from north, east, south or west?   But absolutely not from above or below.  An estimate given by Haak et al. 2015 gives us the origin of Finns: 25% early Neolithic farmers (compared to Norwegians with 48% early Neolithic farmers), 10% Siberians (compared to Norwegian 4%), 8% western hunter-gatherers (Norwegian 0%) and  50% Yamnaya (Norwegian 48%).  Because the Yamnaya settlement was already mixed holding eastern, western and southern roots we can assume that this kind of mixture existing in Finland is not necessarily just from a Yamnaya migration.  To check it we can compare Finnish genome data to eastern and western hunter-gatherers.  If the western proportion is bigger than eastern then the Finnish admixture turns out to be more western, no matter how similar it is to the Yamnaya composition.  Here is the result from Haak et al. 2015

 



















We see that the Finns have exceeding western hunter-gatherer admixture over the Yamnaya composition found from Norway, but we don't know how big the western proportion is, because we don't know exactly the Yamnaya composition.  So we can test it regarding Finns using one million SNP's now publicly available.

 

The result shows without doubt that the Finns are closer Loschour (WHG) than Karelian HG.  It shows just the same for Samara hunter-gatherers;   the Finns are much closer WHG than Samara.  And again, the same happens with western Motala_HG, both Eastern hunter-garherer groups are more distant. But a surprise comes from Hungary.  Hungarian hunter-gatherers beat also western hunter-gatherers being the closest group for Finns.

Revised Treemix-analysis using Karelian Hunter-Gatherer

In my previous Treemix test the result for Karelian hunter-gatherer (aka Karelia_HG in most studies) was tentative due to low SNP amount.  Now I have a new sample covering around 80-90% of the used data.

After adding Finnish Tavastians they took the  pole position.

Dstat using one million SNP's

I have now a great possibility to use up to one million SNP's in testing ancient genomes, thanks for new data releases.  This gives of course much more accuracy in upcoming tests.  Before going ahead I'll take a freedom to use my own genome (I have not many individual genomes with on million SNP's) and compare it to British Kent people using qpDstat.   I use Kent people because they are available from the 1000g project and there with Cornish people only original Europeans outside Mediterranean region.   If  the fifth column is positive the result shows me being closer than Kent people to the population mentioned in the third column.